SUMMARY: The 19th of Jue, the anniversary of the emancipation of African-American slaves in 1865 at the end of the Civil War, gives an opportunity to learn about African-American history beyond a superficial glance.
The legacy and power of El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X) has lasted for generations. The media and popular culture attempt to confine and define his deeds and words as that of an outspoken, confrontational civil rights leader working solely on behalf of African-Americans.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have been spaces of safety and joy from their beginning. Most HBCUs emerged after America’s Civil war (1861-1865) and provided higher education and trade training to African-Americans.
America has a history of burning and bombing African-American schools, businesses, and churches. These institutions are seen as “Black” empowerment and independence, and therefore a threat to those who would commit these crimes.